Guide
What Does an Executor Do? A First 30 Days Checklist
Being named executor can feel like a job that arrives without instructions, usually at the worst time. The role is mostly organizing, communicating and paperwork. This guide explains what an executor generally does and what the first month usually looks like.
What an executor is
An executor, called a personal representative in some states, is the person named in a will to settle the estate. If there is no will, a court generally appoints someone. The role carries legal duties, so it is worth speaking with an estate attorney early, and the rules differ by state.
The first week
- Locate the will. Find the signed original and note the attorney who prepared it, if any. Courts generally want the original.
- Order certified death certificates. Many families order around ten, since banks, insurers and agencies each ask for one.
- Secure the home and valuables. Collect mail, keep the home locked and let the insurance company know if the home will be empty.
- Make a list of people to notify. Close family, the attorney, the employer, and the person's accountant or financial advisor.
Weeks two to four
- Open the probate process if needed. This is handled through the county court. Some assets with named beneficiaries pass outside of probate, and many states have simplified procedures for smaller estates.
- Take inventory. List bank accounts, retirement accounts, insurance, real estate, vehicles and debts. This is where a family binder saves the most time.
- Keep bills paid. Housing, utilities and insurance still need to be handled. Cancel subscriptions that keep charging.
- Keep a log. Record every call, with the date, the person you spoke to and what was said. Keep receipts for estate expenses.
Things to avoid
Do not distribute property before you have advice on debts and taxes, and do not mix estate money with your own. Do not guess at passwords or log in as the person. Each company has a process for deceased accounts.
If you are asked to be an executor
Ask the person where their documents are, who their attorney is and whether a list of accounts exists. Offering to fill in a binder together is a gentle way to have that conversation.
Keep it all in one place
A completed binder gives an executor the inventory, contacts and document locations on day one.
Frequently asked questions
What is the first thing an executor should do?
Locate the original will, order certified death certificates, secure the home and make a list of people to notify. Then speak with an estate attorney, since duties and deadlines vary by state.
Do all estates have to go through probate?
Not always. Assets with named beneficiaries often pass outside of probate, and many states have simplified procedures for small estates.
Can an executor pay bills from the estate?
Executors generally handle valid estate expenses, but should get advice before paying debts or distributing property, and should keep estate money separate from their own.
Can I decline to be an executor?
Generally yes, if you have not already begun acting in the role. An attorney can explain how this works in your state.
AuraByRobbie sells The Paper Trail on Etsy. This guide is general information, not legal, tax, financial or medical advice.